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    <fireside:genDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 22:39:42 -0500</fireside:genDate>
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    <title>Increments - Episodes Tagged with “Counterfactuals”</title>
    <link>https://www.incrementspodcast.com/tags/counterfactuals</link>
    <pubDate>Thu, 30 May 2024 04:00:00 -0700</pubDate>
    <description>Vaden Masrani, a senior research scientist in machine learning, and Ben Chugg, a PhD student in statistics, get into trouble arguing about everything except machine learning and statistics. Coherence is somewhere on the horizon. Bribes, suggestions, love-mail and hate-mail all welcome at incrementspodcast@gmail.com.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type>
    <itunes:subtitle>Science, Philosophy, Epistemology, Mayhem</itunes:subtitle>
    <itunes:author>Ben Chugg and Vaden Masrani</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary>Vaden Masrani, a senior research scientist in machine learning, and Ben Chugg, a PhD student in statistics, get into trouble arguing about everything except machine learning and statistics. Coherence is somewhere on the horizon. Bribes, suggestions, love-mail and hate-mail all welcome at incrementspodcast@gmail.com.</itunes:summary>
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    <itunes:keywords>Philosophy,Science,Ethics,Progress,Knowledge,Computer Science,Conversation,Error-Correction</itunes:keywords>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Ben Chugg and Vaden Masrani</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>incrementspodcast@gmail.com</itunes:email>
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  <title>#68 - Libertarianism IV: Political Issues (w/ Bruce Nielson)</title>
  <link>https://www.incrementspodcast.com/68</link>
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  <pubDate>Thu, 30 May 2024 04:00:00 -0700</pubDate>
  <author>Ben Chugg and Vaden Masrani</author>
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  <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
  <itunes:author>Ben Chugg and Vaden Masrani</itunes:author>
  <itunes:subtitle>In our last libertarianism episode we tackle the remaining part of Scott's FAQ: Political issues! Can government ever do anything right? How should we think about that question? Is Scott being fair to libertarians?</itunes:subtitle>
  <itunes:duration>1:50:16</itunes:duration>
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  <description>&lt;p&gt;The final part in a series which has polarized the nation. We tackle -- alongside Bruce Nielson as always -- the remaining part of Scott's FAQ: Political Issues. Can the government get &lt;em&gt;anything&lt;/em&gt; right? Has Scott strawmanned the libertarian argument in this section? Is libertarianism an economic theory, a political theory, a metaphysical theory, or a branch of physics? And what do Milton and Ludwig have to say about all this? Warning: we get a little meta with this one...&lt;/p&gt;

We discuss

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is the government effective at doing anything? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What's the use of thinking counterfactually? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is it just market failures all the way down?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three kinds of anarcho-capitalists &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The economic calculation problem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is an economic theory necessarily political? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What to make of the claim that austrian economics is like physics &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;But wait, isn't it also metaphysics? &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

References

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/22/repost-the-non-libertarian-faq/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;Scott's FAQ&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Napolean science funding:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canning#French_origins" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;Canned food&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/napoleons-lifelong-interest-science-180964485/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;More readings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bruce's &lt;a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-theory-of-anything/id1503194218" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;Theory of Anything Pod&lt;/a&gt; and on twitter at @bnielson01&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Vaden's blog posts on Libertarianism:

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;First: &lt;a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/aecr-challenge/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;Is Austrian Economics the Best Explanation of Economics?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Second: &lt;a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/predicting-human-behaviour/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;Can we predict human behaviour? A discussion with Brett Hall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

Quotes

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Argument:&lt;/strong&gt; Government can’t do anything right. Its forays into every field are tinged in failure. Whether it’s trying to create contradictory “state owned businesses”, funding pet projects that end up over budget and useless, or creating burdensome and ridiculous “consumer protection” rules, its heavy-handed actions are always detrimental and usually embarrassing. &lt;br&gt;
...&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;The Counterargument:&lt;/strong&gt; Government sometimes, though by no means always, does things right, and some of its institutions and programs are justifiably considered models of efficiency and human ingenuity. There are various reasons why people are less likely to notice these.&lt;br&gt;
- Scott's FAQ&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7.1.1: Okay, fine. But that’s a special case where, given an infinite budget, they were able to accomplish something that private industry had no incentive to try. And to their credit, they did pull it off, but do you have any examples of government succeeding at anything more practical?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Eradicating smallpox and polio globally, and cholera and malaria from their endemic areas in the US. Inventing the computer, mouse, digital camera, and email. Building the information superhighway &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the regular superhighway. Delivering clean, practically-free water and cheap on-the-grid electricity across an entire continent. Forcing integration and leading the struggle for civil rights. Setting up the Global Positioning System. Ensuring accurate disaster forecasts for hurricanes, volcanoes, and tidal waves. Zero life-savings-destroying bank runs in eighty years. Inventing nuclear power &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the game theory necessary to avoid destroying the world with it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Socials

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Follow us on Twitter at @IncrementsPod, @BennyChugg, @VadenMasrani&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Come join our discord server! DM us on twitter or send us an email to get a supersecret link&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Help us think counterfactually and get exclusive bonus content by becoming a patreon subscriber &lt;a href="https://www.patreon.com/Increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Or give us one-time cash donations to help cover our lack of cash donations &lt;a href="https://ko-fi.com/increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Click dem like buttons on &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_4wZzQyoW4s4ZuE4FY9DQQ" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;youtube&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;How much would &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; like to pay for a fresh gulp of air? Tell us over at &lt;a href="mailto:incrementspodcast@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"&gt;incrementspodcast@gmail.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br&gt;
 Special Guest: Bruce Nielson.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
  <itunes:keywords>libertarianism, politics, metaphysics, counterfactuals</itunes:keywords>
  <content:encoded>
    <![CDATA[<p>The final part in a series which has polarized the nation. We tackle -- alongside Bruce Nielson as always -- the remaining part of Scott's FAQ: Political Issues. Can the government get <em>anything</em> right? Has Scott strawmanned the libertarian argument in this section? Is libertarianism an economic theory, a political theory, a metaphysical theory, or a branch of physics? And what do Milton and Ludwig have to say about all this? Warning: we get a little meta with this one...</p>

We discuss

<ul>
<li>Is the government effective at doing anything? </li>
<li>What's the use of thinking counterfactually? </li>
<li>Is it just market failures all the way down?</li>
<li>Three kinds of anarcho-capitalists </li>
<li>The economic calculation problem</li>
<li>Is an economic theory necessarily political? </li>
<li>What to make of the claim that austrian economics is like physics </li>
<li>But wait, isn't it also metaphysics? </li>
</ul>

References

<ul>
<li><a href="https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/22/repost-the-non-libertarian-faq/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Scott's FAQ</a> </li>
<li>Napolean science funding:

<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canning#French_origins" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Canned food</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/napoleons-lifelong-interest-science-180964485/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">More readings</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Bruce's <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-theory-of-anything/id1503194218" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Theory of Anything Pod</a> and on twitter at @bnielson01</li>
<li>Vaden's blog posts on Libertarianism:

<ul>
<li>First: <a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/aecr-challenge/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Is Austrian Economics the Best Explanation of Economics?</a></li>
<li>Second: <a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/predicting-human-behaviour/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Can we predict human behaviour? A discussion with Brett Hall</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>

Quotes

<blockquote>
<p><strong>The Argument:</strong> Government can’t do anything right. Its forays into every field are tinged in failure. Whether it’s trying to create contradictory “state owned businesses”, funding pet projects that end up over budget and useless, or creating burdensome and ridiculous “consumer protection” rules, its heavy-handed actions are always detrimental and usually embarrassing. <br>
...<br>
<strong>The Counterargument:</strong> Government sometimes, though by no means always, does things right, and some of its institutions and programs are justifiably considered models of efficiency and human ingenuity. There are various reasons why people are less likely to notice these.<br>
- Scott's FAQ</p>

<p><strong>7.1.1: Okay, fine. But that’s a special case where, given an infinite budget, they were able to accomplish something that private industry had no incentive to try. And to their credit, they did pull it off, but do you have any examples of government succeeding at anything more practical?</strong></p>

<p>Eradicating smallpox and polio globally, and cholera and malaria from their endemic areas in the US. Inventing the computer, mouse, digital camera, and email. Building the information superhighway <em>and</em> the regular superhighway. Delivering clean, practically-free water and cheap on-the-grid electricity across an entire continent. Forcing integration and leading the struggle for civil rights. Setting up the Global Positioning System. Ensuring accurate disaster forecasts for hurricanes, volcanoes, and tidal waves. Zero life-savings-destroying bank runs in eighty years. Inventing nuclear power <em>and</em> the game theory necessary to avoid destroying the world with it.</p>
</blockquote>

Socials

<ul>
<li>Follow us on Twitter at @IncrementsPod, @BennyChugg, @VadenMasrani</li>
<li>Come join our discord server! DM us on twitter or send us an email to get a supersecret link</li>
<li>Help us think counterfactually and get exclusive bonus content by becoming a patreon subscriber <a href="https://www.patreon.com/Increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">here</a>. Or give us one-time cash donations to help cover our lack of cash donations <a href="https://ko-fi.com/increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">here</a>.</li>
<li>Click dem like buttons on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_4wZzQyoW4s4ZuE4FY9DQQ" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">youtube</a></li>
</ul>

<p>How much would <em>you</em> like to pay for a fresh gulp of air? Tell us over at <a href="mailto:incrementspodcast@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">incrementspodcast@gmail.com</a>. </p><p>Special Guest: Bruce Nielson.</p><p><a rel="payment" href="https://www.patreon.com/Increments">Support Increments</a></p>]]>
  </content:encoded>
  <itunes:summary>
    <![CDATA[<p>The final part in a series which has polarized the nation. We tackle -- alongside Bruce Nielson as always -- the remaining part of Scott's FAQ: Political Issues. Can the government get <em>anything</em> right? Has Scott strawmanned the libertarian argument in this section? Is libertarianism an economic theory, a political theory, a metaphysical theory, or a branch of physics? And what do Milton and Ludwig have to say about all this? Warning: we get a little meta with this one...</p>

We discuss

<ul>
<li>Is the government effective at doing anything? </li>
<li>What's the use of thinking counterfactually? </li>
<li>Is it just market failures all the way down?</li>
<li>Three kinds of anarcho-capitalists </li>
<li>The economic calculation problem</li>
<li>Is an economic theory necessarily political? </li>
<li>What to make of the claim that austrian economics is like physics </li>
<li>But wait, isn't it also metaphysics? </li>
</ul>

References

<ul>
<li><a href="https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/02/22/repost-the-non-libertarian-faq/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Scott's FAQ</a> </li>
<li>Napolean science funding:

<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canning#French_origins" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Canned food</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/napoleons-lifelong-interest-science-180964485/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">More readings</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Bruce's <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-theory-of-anything/id1503194218" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Theory of Anything Pod</a> and on twitter at @bnielson01</li>
<li>Vaden's blog posts on Libertarianism:

<ul>
<li>First: <a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/aecr-challenge/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Is Austrian Economics the Best Explanation of Economics?</a></li>
<li>Second: <a href="https://vmasrani.github.io/blog/2023/predicting-human-behaviour/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">Can we predict human behaviour? A discussion with Brett Hall</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>

Quotes

<blockquote>
<p><strong>The Argument:</strong> Government can’t do anything right. Its forays into every field are tinged in failure. Whether it’s trying to create contradictory “state owned businesses”, funding pet projects that end up over budget and useless, or creating burdensome and ridiculous “consumer protection” rules, its heavy-handed actions are always detrimental and usually embarrassing. <br>
...<br>
<strong>The Counterargument:</strong> Government sometimes, though by no means always, does things right, and some of its institutions and programs are justifiably considered models of efficiency and human ingenuity. There are various reasons why people are less likely to notice these.<br>
- Scott's FAQ</p>

<p><strong>7.1.1: Okay, fine. But that’s a special case where, given an infinite budget, they were able to accomplish something that private industry had no incentive to try. And to their credit, they did pull it off, but do you have any examples of government succeeding at anything more practical?</strong></p>

<p>Eradicating smallpox and polio globally, and cholera and malaria from their endemic areas in the US. Inventing the computer, mouse, digital camera, and email. Building the information superhighway <em>and</em> the regular superhighway. Delivering clean, practically-free water and cheap on-the-grid electricity across an entire continent. Forcing integration and leading the struggle for civil rights. Setting up the Global Positioning System. Ensuring accurate disaster forecasts for hurricanes, volcanoes, and tidal waves. Zero life-savings-destroying bank runs in eighty years. Inventing nuclear power <em>and</em> the game theory necessary to avoid destroying the world with it.</p>
</blockquote>

Socials

<ul>
<li>Follow us on Twitter at @IncrementsPod, @BennyChugg, @VadenMasrani</li>
<li>Come join our discord server! DM us on twitter or send us an email to get a supersecret link</li>
<li>Help us think counterfactually and get exclusive bonus content by becoming a patreon subscriber <a href="https://www.patreon.com/Increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">here</a>. Or give us one-time cash donations to help cover our lack of cash donations <a href="https://ko-fi.com/increments" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">here</a>.</li>
<li>Click dem like buttons on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_4wZzQyoW4s4ZuE4FY9DQQ" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">youtube</a></li>
</ul>

<p>How much would <em>you</em> like to pay for a fresh gulp of air? Tell us over at <a href="mailto:incrementspodcast@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">incrementspodcast@gmail.com</a>. </p><p>Special Guest: Bruce Nielson.</p><p><a rel="payment" href="https://www.patreon.com/Increments">Support Increments</a></p>]]>
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